The Hierarchy of Controls Explained (With Practical Examples)

Introduction

Many workplaces rely too heavily on PPE. However, PPE is the last line of defense, not the first. The hierarchy of controls helps organizations manage risk effectively.

The 5 Levels of the Hierarchy of Controls

1. Elimination (Most Effective)

Remove the hazard entirely.
Example: Designing out work at height.

2. Substitution

Replace with something safer.
Example: Using water-based paint instead of solvent-based paint.

3. Engineering Controls

Isolate people from the hazard.
Example: Guardrails, machine guards, ventilation.

4. Administrative Controls

Change the way people work.
Example: Procedures, training, permits.

5. PPE (Least Effective)

Protect the worker directly.
Example: Helmets, gloves, respirators.

Common Mistake

Relying on PPE alone gives a false sense of safety.

Key Takeaway

Effective safety starts at the top of the hierarchy, not the bottom.